Hallan un planeta compuesto en su mayor parte de agua

Hallan un planeta compuesto en su mayor parte de agua

A 40 años luz de la Tierra. Sin embargo, sus océanos hirvientes alcanzarían los 200° de temperatura.

Los astrónomos dicen haber descubierto un planeta compuesto mayormente por agua, pero nadie querría vivir allí.

Además del calor -con más de 200° en la superficie de sus océanos-, el planeta está probablemente cubierto de una oscura niebla de vapor supercaliente y de otros gases.

Pero su descubrimiento ha alentado un creciente sentimiento entre los astrónomos de que están al borde de realizar un gran avance, cada vez más cerca de hallar un planeta que sea habitable.

“Este probablemente no sea habitable, pero no se aleja mucho de la zona habitable”, dijo David Charbonneau, del Centro Harvard-Smithsoniano de Astrofísica, que dirigió el equipo que realizó el descubrimiento difundido ayer por la revista Nature.

Geoffrey W. Marcy, un buscador de planetas de la Universidad de California en Berkeley, escribió un artículo que acompaña el del hallazgo y en el que afirma que el nuevo trabajo provee “la más irrefutable evidencia de un planeta que sea algo parecido a nuestra Tierra, fuera del sistema solar”.

CoRoT-7b1

Una lista en expansión

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De sólo 2,7 veces el tamaño de la Tierra y 6,6 veces más masivo, el nuevo planeta tarda 38 horas en dar una vuelta en torno de una tenue estrella roja llamada GJ 1214, en la constelación Ophiuchus, a unos 40 años luz de aquí.

Es uno de los planetas extrasolares más livianos y pequeños conocidos, grupo que incluye cuerpos celestes de un tamaño no más de 10 veces superior al de la Tierra.

El anuncio de Charbonneau cerró una semana en la que la lista de planetas conocidos creció significativamente. Un equipo internacional de astrónomos informó del hallazgo de otros tres planetas, incluyendo una “súper Tierra”, la primera en ser hallada orbitando en torno de una estrella como el Sol.

En los quince años que han transcurrido desde el hallazgo del primer planeta extrasolar, más de 400 han sido detectados.

http://www.nuestromar.org/

Es un gigante a 200º centígrados, pero aún así, el nuevo exoplaneta descubierto por investigadores estadounidenses y europeos es lo más parecido que se ha visto a nuestro planeta fuera del sistema solar, según un artículo publicado hoy en Nature.

El nuevo planeta, llamado GJ1214b, tiene un radio casi tres veces mayor que el de la Tierra y una masa más de seis veces superior. Estas características lo sitúan dentro de un grupo de planetas terrestres con sol propio, denominados “super Tierras”. Contiene un 75% de agua, que rodearía a un manto de silicio y un núcleo de hierro, según las estimaciones de sus descubridores.

Los investigadores piensan que su atmósfera con helio e hidrógeno tiene unos 200 kilómetros de espesor. “La alta presión y la ausencia de luz excluyen la posibilidad de que haya vida tal y como la conocemos”, explica David Charbonneu, coautor del estudio. En un comentario que acompaña el descubrimiento, el astrónomo de la Universidad de California Geoffrey Marcy señala que el planeta es el ejemplo más sólido de algo parecido a la Tierra fuera del sistema solar. Además, GJ1214b, está tan cerca de la Tierra que puede estudiarse con telescopios actuales, según los autores.

El planeta fue descubierto con una red de ocho telescopios del tamaño que usan los aficionados a la astronomía mientras pasaba por delante de la estrella en torno a la que orbita cada día y medio. Una observación posterior con el telescopio europeo ESO confirmó su existencia y determinó su masa y medidas.

www.publico.es

16/12/2009 – 17h23
Astrônomos anunciam a descoberta de um segundo planeta gigante fora do nosso Sistema Solar para o qual foram calculados massa e raio. Também trata-se do primeiro exoplaneta com essas dimensões onde os cientistas encontraram uma atmosfera.
O exoplaneta, batizado de GJ1214b, orbita uma pequena estrela a cerca de 40 anos-luz de distância, e abre novas perspectivas na procura de mundos habitáveis.
O gigante tem uma massa de cerca de seis vezes a massa terrestre e o seu interior é provavelmente constituído por gelo. Sua superfície parece ser relativamente quente e o planeta encontra-se envolvido por uma atmosfera densa, o que o torna inóspito para abrigar formas de vida tais como as que conhecemos sobre a Terra.
No número desta semana da revista Nature, um grupo de astrônomos anuncia a descoberta de um planeta em torno da estrela próxima de pequena massa GJ1214. É a segunda vez que uma “super-Terra” em trânsito é detectada, depois da recente descoberta do planeta Corot-7b.
Um trânsito ocorre quando a órbita do planeta está alinhada da tal maneira que o vemos atravessar a face da sua estrela-mãe. O recém-descoberto planeta tem uma massa de cerca de seis vezes a massa da Terra e 2.7 vezes o seu raio, ficando, em termos de tamanho, entre o nosso planeta e os gigantes gelados do Sistema Solar, Urano e Netuno.
Embora a massa de GJ1214b seja similar à do Corot-7b, o seu raio é muito maior, o que sugere que a composição dos dois planetas seja muito diferente. Enquanto que Corot-7b tem provavelmente um núcleo rochoso e pode estar coberto de lava, os astrônomos acreditam que três quartos do GJ1214b seja composto por gelo, sendo o restante constituído por silício e ferro.
O GJ1214b orbita a sua estrela em cerca de 38 horas a uma distância de apenas dois milhões de quilômetros – 70 vezes mais próximo da sua estrela do que a Terra está do Sol.
Quente demais !
Por estar tão perto da estrela hospedeira, o planeta deve ter uma temperatura à superfície de cerca de 200º Celsius, quente demais para que a água se encontre no estado líquido, segundo David Charbonneau, autor principal do artigo que apresenta esta descoberta.
Uma vez que o planeta é quente demais para manter uma atmosfera durante muito tempo, GJ1214b dá-nos a primeira oportunidade de estudar uma atmosfera recentemente formada, envolvendo um planeta que orbita outra estrela, acrescenta o membro da equipe Xavier Bonfils.
Como o planeta se encontra bastante próximo de nós, os pesquisadores afirmam que será possível estudar a sua atmosfera mesmo com as infraestruturas de que dispomos atualmente.
A descoberta foi feita graças ao espectrógrafo Harps, montado no telescópio de 3.6 metros do Observatório Europeu do Sul em La Silla, no Chile.
W1TV, Mystery Hunter, Marcelo Bizzarro de Andrade.

Universo vida extraterrestre exobiologia

Viaje a los confines del Universo.

Otros videos y noticias de los ultimos eventos en las distintas Agencis espaciales NASA,ESA,JAXA…etc Astrofisica

HOLIDAY GREETINGS

NASA Administrator Charlie Bolden and Deputy Administrator Lori Garver extend seasons greetings and New Years wishes to members of the NASA family.

www.nasa.gov

Helios 2B launch via Ariane 5 rocket (full video)

You can jump to the juicy part of the launch at around 12:00 in to the video.

This is the full video from the launch of the Helios 2B satellite via the Ariane 5 rocket. The rocket launched at 16:26 UTC. This is the complete video from start of the webcast (around T-12 minutes) to end of speeches.

Launch Ariane 5 Rocket Helios 2B military observation satellite 18/12/09

Arianespace wrapped up another successful year of operations with todays orbiting of the French Helios 2B military observation satellite, which was lofted on the seventh Ariane 5 launch in 2009.

NASA TV Season’s Greetings 2009

The beauty of images from the Hubble Space Telescope, and several of the NASA missions was the inspiration for the 2009 NASA Seasons Greetings ID.

Mark R. Hailey, NASA Televisions Art Director created this piece.

Fire Away!

The sixth in a series of ground tests of the Attitude Control Motor (ACM) in the Orion Crew Vehicles Launch Abort System. The motor is charged with keeping the crew module on a controlled flight path in the event it needs to jettison and steer away from the Ares rocket in an emergency.

www.nasa.gov/constellation

WISE Vehicle and Spacecraft Flow

Hubblecast 12: Hubble sees an Extrasolar Planet’s Atmosphere (Murk on a monster planet).

Using the NASA/ESA Hubble Space Telescope, astronomers have found the first clear evidence of high altitude haze or clouds in the atmosphere of an extrasolar planet (exoplanet). This discovery reveals a deeper understanding of the class of giant planets that astronomers call ‘hot Jupiters’.

Over the last 15 years astronomers have discovered more than 270 planets around other stars. A burning question is naturally: What are these so called extrasolar planets like?

Most of them are actually giant gaseous worlds several times the size of Jupiter which is our own Solar Systems largest planet. Others are smaller rocky or icy worlds that are still several times larger than our own home planet Earth. We have yet to discover a world that is similar to our own planet.

Using the Advanced Camera for Surveys (or ACS), the Hubble Space Telescope has recently observed a fascinating large gaseous planet around the star HD 189733. Careful analysis of these very high precision observations by a team lead by Frédéric Pont from the Geneva University Observatory showed that this planet, designated HD 189733b, possesses a murky haze layer extending over an altitude range of about 1000 km in the planets upper atmosphere. The atmosphere of this gaseous planet is at around 800 degrees Centigrade.

This is due to its proximity to its parent star and is the reason that astronomers call this type of planet a hot Jupiter. These hazes are probably made of tiny condensed particles less that 1/1000th of a millimetre across, similar to those already known on Venus and Saturns moon, Titan. Their presence means that the sky over HD 189733b would look very much like a red hazy sunset viewed from an industrially polluted city on Earth.

Whats so special about this particular star and its planet? Bob Fosbury: “This is a rather special planetary system because the star itself is quite small, its only about 75% the size of our Sun and yet the planet itself is larger than Jupiter. So when the planet transits in front of the star it obscures quite a large fraction of light from the star which enables a very accurate measurement.”

What exactly made these observations so precise? Why was this only possible now? Bob Fosbury: “We have to do this from space because when we try and do this from the ground the atmosphere makes it very difficult to make precise measurements of brightness, so we do it from space. And the special thing about this particular observation is that the scientists spread the light out over many pixels in the detector. So rather than just having a little point of light representing the star on the detector the starlight was spread out into a spectrum using this so called grism mode of the Advanced Camera for Surveys.”

“Now, that enables a very precise measurement because you can measure over many many pixels (a large area of detector)but it also, by spreading out the colours, enables you to measure the brightness (or the reduction in brightness) of the starlight over many colours. So having these different measurements in different colours enables you to characterize the nature of the atmosphere.”

The reason why this work was possible at all was because from our vantage point the orbit of HD 189733b is seen almost exactly edge on. Now what that means is that every two days or so the planet actually moves across the face of its parent star as seen from here. Now when that happens some small fraction of the light from the star has to pass through the atmosphere of the planet in front of it in order to reach Earth. Because of this process the composition of the atmosphere of the planet is stamped onto the light like a unique fingerprint. Astronomers can then see this fingerprint in the spectrum of the stars light.

Hubblecast features news and Images from the Hubble Space Telescope (HST).

The space-based observatory is a collaboration between NASA and ESA. The observations are carried out in visible, infrared and ultraviolet light. In many ways Hubble has revolutionised modern astronomy.

The Hubble Space Telescope has made some of the most dramatic discoveries in the history of astronomy. From its vantage point 600 km above the Earth, Hubble can detect light with “eyes” five times sharper than the best ground-based telescopes and looks deep into space where some of the most profound mysteries are still buried in the mists of time.

http://www.eso.org
http://www.spacetelescope.org
http://hubblesite.org

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